geographical survey

In history, China has exercised jurisdiction in a continuous, peaceful and effective manner over Nanhai Zhudao and in relevant waters through measures such as establishment of administrative setups, naval patrols, resources development, astronomical observation and geographical survey.

历史上，中国通过行政设治、水师巡视、资源开发、天文测量、地理调查等手段，对南海诸岛和相关海域进行了持续、和平、有效的管辖。

This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.

这让美国地理调查局拨款支持网络上的志愿者观测动物的行为，试图在灾难袭击像加州一样比较敏感的地区前预测它们。

Tsugaru area by using altitude data provided by the Geographical Survey Institute of the Ministry of Construction, Japan.

通过津轻地区的地理测绘研究所的建设，日本部提供的高度数据。